Carburetor



May 27, 1958 R. VOLCHER 2,836,403

CARBURETOR Filed Dec. 16, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 m/Vm/ roe A 040? V04 0 /6? May 27, 1958 R. VOLCHER 2,836,403

CARBURETOR Filed Dec. 16, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1'0 I In 4/ 42 I g 4 46 3.? O l 45 45 59 13 United States Patent fire CARBURETOR Roger Volcher, St. Servais-Namur, Belgium, assignor to Forgaz Alrtiengeseiischaft, Vaduz, Liechtenstein Application December 16, 1955, Serial No. 553,G6

Claims priority, application Belgium Eannary 3, 1955 3 Claims. (Cl. 261-48) The invention relates to an improved carburetor, especially for a combustion engine for an automotive vehicle.

The invention has for its object to provide a carburetor which makes it possible to achieve a material saving of fuel owing to a more rational operation to the combustion engine of the vehicle, due to such engine being supplied with fuel in a fractionated manner by means of two combined carburetor devices which complete each other and which are actuated successively during operation of the engine, with the first of the said carburetor devices providing the power required for normal speeds of the vehicle on the fiat, while the other device is effective as an additional component, to secure the supply of fuel for the engine at high speeds of the latter, the said carburetor further including a device for automatically adjusting the rate of flow of the carburating liquid in accordance with the sense of grade (Whether down or up) and the degree of slope of the road followed by the vehicle, and means for introducing water vapour drawn off from the radiator of the engine into the carbureted gas.

One way of carrying the invention into effect will be hereinafter disclosed simply by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a diagrammatical partly sectional view of the carburetor carried out according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar top view of the carburetor;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view, to a larger scale, of certain details of the carburetor;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view along the line iVlV of Fig. 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views, to a larger scale, of the actuating system for the throttle valves of the carburetor, shown in different positions; and- Fig. 7 is a view of the said actuating system, shifte at 90 with respect to Fig. 5.

As shown in the drawings, the body of the carburetor includes a vertical carburation passageway 10 provided with a flange 11 intended to be secured to the gas intake manifold of the engine. 11) is controlled by means of a throttle valve 12 actuated by means of a transverse spindle 13 arranged downstream with respect to a mixing cone 14 supported in the passageway 10. A lateral carburation passageway 16, which extends in a horizontal plane, opens into a chamber 15 formed between the outer cylindrical surface of the mixing cone 14 and the inner cylindrical surface of the passageway 18. The free area of the passageway 16 is controlled by means of throttle valve 17 actuated through a shaft 18 and airanged downstream with respect to a .rnixing cone 19 secured in the said passageway 16.

A constant level bowl 20, made rigid with the passageway 16, communicates. through a duct 21 with a passage 22 having mounted therein a jet 23. which controls the free area for the flow of fuel arriving from the bowl 2h.

The passage 22 communicates with a duct 24 (see par- The free area of the passageway 2,836,403 Patented May 27, 1958 ticularly Fig. 3), which will be called hereinafter atomizer duct, with an air nozzle 25 opening into the latter. The free area of the said duct is automatically controlled by means of a device to be described further. The outlet of the duct 24 lies substantially on the axis of the mixing cone 14, where it terminates in a feather edge at 26. A plunger tube 27, supported by the wall of the atomizer duct 24, extends in the passage 22. The tube 27 has a sealed bottom end and is formed over a portion of its length with small apertures 28 opening into a sleeve 29 made from thin metal fabric, which encircles the tube 27 and forms an emulsifier. The upper end of the tube 27 is provided with an air nozzle 30. The sleeve 29, which is made from thin metal fabric, is intended to produce a perfect comminution of the fuel drawn in through the duct 24 and entrained by the air entering through the air nozzle 30 and escaping through the apertures 28 across the sleeve 29 and through the fuel entering the passage 22.

Into the passage 22 there is projecting a tube 31 through which the fuel is supplied when the engine is idling. In the tube 31 there is interposed a low speed jet 32, the rate of fuel fiow being controlled by an air nozzle 33. The idle tube 31 protrudes beyond the point in the carburetor where the throttle valve 12 closes the passageway 10, and opens into the said passageway through an orifice 3d the free area of which is controlled by a screwthreaded needle valve 35.

Into the mixing cone 19 of the horizontal passageway 16 of the carburetor opens axially a duct 36 communicating with the constant level bowl 23 through a duct 37 having interposed therein a fuel atomizing system identical to the one described with reference to Fig. 3 and shown therein and intended to introduce atomized fuel into the mixing cone 14 of the vertical supply passageway ll} of the carburetor, except that it is not provided with an idle tube.

The horizontal passageway 16 of the carburetor is intended to supply the engine with an additional charge after the throttle 12, which is provided in the vertical passageway 10 of the carburetor, has been fully opened.

The mechanism for actuating the throttle Valves 12 and 17 successively during the operation of the engine is constructed as follows: The spindle 13 of the throttle valve 12 is subjected to the action of a return spring 13a, a spiral spring for example, which constantly tends to maintain the throttle valve 12 in its opened position. The spindle 13 is provided with an actuating bell crank lever 38 the arms of which are furnished with abutments 39 and 44) (Figs. 5 and 6) which cooperate with a fixed stop member 41 rigid with the body of the carburetor. At the end of the lever 38 there is provided a roller 42 against which comes to rest the end of a second lever 43 pivotally connected to a pivot pin 44 supported on the body of the carburetor. The lever 43 is connected to the accelerator pedal (not shown) of the vehicle engine, for instance through the medium of the rod 43a. During the angular displacements of the lever 43, as performed under the control of the said accelerator pedal, the lever 33 is displaced simultaneously in the same direction under the action of its return spring, thereby causing the throttle valve 12 to open. .When the latter has a rained its position of maximum opening, the abutment of the lever 38 comes into contact with the fixed stop member 41, thus bringing the latter lever to a stop, while at the same time a projection 45, provided on the lever 43, comes into contact with a third lever 46, which is subjected to the action of a return spring 46a, so that the latter lever will be carried along while the lever 43 continues its angular movement. The lever 46 is pivotally mounted on the pivot pin 44 and, through the medium of a rod '47-, 'actuates a lever 48 secured on the spindle 18 of the throttle valve 17 arranged in the passageway 16 of the carburetor and which is normally in a position whereby to close the latter passageway. As

x64,to' the said needle valve ,58, which is guided axially fin'a'guide-way oiforrnedin the wall of thesaid bowl 16 1.

It will be easily un derstood that the bowl 161 will ase of the :vertical passageway of the carburetor causes.

a high vacuum to be built up in the said passageway 10,

whereby a very rich gaseous mixture produced by the a re'sult, when the ;lev'er'fl3 isdisplaced angulai ly, the 5 emulsifier 2 7-29 and metered by the jet 23 and the throttle valves 12 and 17 of the carburetor are actuated nozzle 3% is supplied'into themixing tube 14,at the outin'succession. A fixed stop member 49 limits the maxilet 26 of the atomizer tube'24v After the engine has been mum angular displacement of-the lever 43. started and the said air choke 'valve released and left e The carburetor according to the invention 'is provided in its open position, the speed of the engine will'be conwith means whereby water vapour from the-cooling 1O trolled by the degree of 'openingof the'throttle valve12. radiator of the engine of the vehicle is admitted into the 7 T idlin" speed of the engine'is controlled by means gaseous mixturei To this end the carburetor is provided of the screw needle valve and theair nozzle 34. I with a duct 59; one end of which opens into the'hori As will be seen, the carburetor according to the inz'ontal passageway 16, viz. into a chamber 51 formed vention is twoasectional and operates intwo'stages. .The down-stream with respect to the throttle valve 17 'prol5 first stageis concerned with the operation of the vertical vided in the latter passageway. The other end 52' of section of the carburetor, which is of the down-draught I .the'duct 5!} opens into -a-fiuid-tight chamber 52a'formed type and includes the supply. passageway 10, while'the abovewater-level'in'the radiator SZZiofthevehicle. In second stage is concerned with the. operation, oi the order to prevent water offcondensation from the water carburetor scction comprisingthehorizontal supply pasvapour frombeing carried into the carburetor, a steam 20 sageway '16 and operatin'gineXactly-the same manner "as drier5 3 is interposed into the circuit of the duct 50. the passageway 10, since it includes identical supply The steam drier 53 includes a bowl 54', having its botj means with the exception of the idling device, 'which'is tom provided with an opening 55 which is in communij provided inthe passageway 10 alone. v V cation with a piper-16 having arranged therein for axial During the first-stageof operation of the carburetor, movement,with-limited play, a needle-valve 57 showing 5 that is to'say, while theaccelerator pedal 'movcsthrou'gh an inner hollow-space 57a and made from light weight the first portion-of its travel and the throttle-valve 12"is metal or from plastic material; When the carburetor is opened, charging the engine through'the Vertical'pa's in operation, the needle-valve57 will-be attracted under sageway -19 of the carburetor provides for :an'econornical the effect of the vacuum existing in thechamber 51 of Operation of the vehicle at medium speed lwithgood' pick- -the carburetor, as well as, in the duct and the bowl 39 up d high flexi ility ofenginerunning i 54-and will seal the opening in the latter. Apertures During the second stage of theoperation of the carbure- 57b, in communication with the inner hollow-space 57a tor, that 3 to y; "aCClerator pedal moves of the needle-valve, are provided at thebase of the conus ugh the nd p rti n Ofjits travel and the throttle terminating the said. needle-valve. The apertures 57b l p g e siv s/f a gaseous i allow for the withdrawal of the water of condensation 35 med inthe horizontal passageway 16 of'the carburetor collected in the ,bowl 54 whenever, as a result of the makes it possible'to'supply the-cylinders ofthe engine,

7 carburetor being not in operation, the vacuum ceases to a With the hi h iO fi fiq g which? 'actwithinthe bowl 54, with the needle-valve 57 becom- 7 3 655.. 7 V 3 j j 'ing disengaged from the opening 55 of the said bowl. 7 h the engine operates. atpmediumspeed' and the --Such water' of condensation will then fiowout through throttle valve 17 ofthe horizontal p as v fi 5108M,

the apertures 57b and into the inner hollow-space 57a .3 gh a uum will besetup inthe'chamber'flofthe' of thendle-yalve andhence into the pipe "56. Carbureton'which willin'crease in proportion'as'the'spced According to theinvention, .the carburetor is' further :Q th g n inCffiasies Such vachumfwhith builds pprovided with a device'which is influenced by the sense through h m m ofthe '5 n he flu dig am 0 the grade "of the track followed by'the vehicle a nd i oer formed above'water-levelinthe coolingradiator' of which is intended to correct automatically the richness the g is 1186(1, to Produce acceleratedVVQPOIiSaIiOHi '7 of the fuel-air mixture suppliedby the carburetor. The s ch Water n Consequently, to l'edll'c'the Pfl correcting device essentially includesa needle-valve 58' ture of thelafiefv The iw r v p urentraine 'in o'the cooperatin'g'with a nozzle 59 providedin an extension 2442 dl'lctj 59 alldfnterhlg h Chamber '51 the'carbufetdr "o'f'the'atomi'zer -duct 24 and adapted to control the free 50 i 110i y Pm g cafburetioh, blit, fi when 7 area' for the ain'flow in the latter duct. The displacethe engine is at a suitable temp'eratureandis operating inentsfo'f the-needlevalve 58 with'respect of the nozzle i at hig p d l Water Vapour 3150' refill-c768 the a n 59, a e-op ated;from a i endulum compriSih a'weight so f air dr into. the i g u e and;i'-fheref0r,"thr

suspended in a'fixed fluid-tight bowl 61 containing'a liquid, rate of fuel delivery. This resultsin a 'substantialsaving thickoil-for instance; intended to damp -the1oscillations in fuel consumption. a a V V of thczweightp Them/eight 169 is rigidjwith'alever 62 A further contribution'towards fuel-saving in the .ca1'-.

pivotally connected to 21 V horizontal'shaft63 secured in buretor' according tothe invention is the provision'of the thebowl 6i and extendingin a transverse directionfw'ith fuel discharge Corrector device shown in Fig. lwhereby respectof'the longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle. a the free area of air-flow in the a miz duct 24 is modi- Th'llPPIjEfid'Df the lever 62 is pivotally' connectcd, ati 'fied. The 'corrector device'is adjusted so as to provide I 'cally increased 'when the vehicle is driven uphill, the

sum e'an inclined positionfwith respect'to thehorizontal engine thenrcquiringa richer charge. On'the contrary,

'folloviiszr when the vehicle is'operating down-hill 'will'be'greatly lessened;

Whatl claim-i5 5 e i f dependingupomthe sense of thegrade and'the gradient of the track followed by the vehicle, TWhiiQjii1 weight 61 will remain directed according to vertical line, with the result that the position ofthe needle valve with're- *spect to thel ntizale i will be'modified, thus. causing a 1 modification Grisefree area for the flow of air at the j entrance 2 of thei duct 245d, depending upon the sense, of ithe'gradeand uponfthe gradient er he P th. V 3 V The carburetor according to the invention operates as comprising in combination "with a source of "moisture n :andia constant level.bowlforifueliafirst'suction pipe 'f0r connection to theengine; a throttlevalvein' said suction pipe; a mixing tube'in said suction'pipe;'afcircular'chamthe fuel supply A carburetor -for an internal combustion engine.

ber; disposed 'aroundjsaid mixing'tubebetweenthe outer wall of the latterfand the inner wall 'of thegaforesaid 7 i f-Whein the engine is started from; cold,- operation of an suction pipe,'the charn ber opening'intosaid"suction'lilili tt f 1 l aeaaaos downstream with respect to the mixing tube; a second suction pipe communicating laterally with the first suction pipe and opening into the aforesaid circular chamber; a mixing tube and a throttle valve in the second suction pipe; means for producing a mixture of air and atomized fuel, said means operatively communicating with ducts opening axially in each of said mixing tubes for introducing air and atomized fuel into the mixing tubes; a duct connecting the source of moisture to said second suction pipe at a point downstream from the throttle valve therein; and means for operating the throttle valves in succession whereby the throttle valve in the second suction pipe is opened after the total opening of the throttle valve in the first suction pipe.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the means for producing the mixture of air and atomized fuel comprises a cylindrical chamber operatively connected adjacent its upper portion to the ducts for introducing air and atomized fuel into the mixing tubes; a tubular member disposed axially Within said cylindrical chamber, said lar member; and means connecting the lower portion of the cylindrical chamber with the constant level bowl whereby fuel enters the lower portion of the chamber and is atomized by air escaping through the fine metal mesh.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the means for producing a mixture of air and atomized fuel comprises a duct opening to the atmosphere; a movable valve element for controlling the free cross-sectional area of said duct; and valve actuating means disposed to sense deviation from a horizontal plane and to progressively close said valve in response to increasing elevation above the horizontal and to progressively open the valve in response to increasing declination below the horizontal.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,120,602 Corser Dec. 8, 1914 1,330,969 Woolf Feb. 17, 1920 1,452,231 Wells Apr. 17, 1923 1,507,950 Blizzard Sept. 9, 1924 2,603,466 Anderson July 15, 1952 2,609,807 Winkler Sept. 9, 1952 2,728,563 Henning Dec. 27, 1955 

